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#1
2008-04-28, 11:55 PM
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| مجموعة كتب عن كروماتوجرافيا  Chromatography كروماتوجرافيا الكروماتوجرافيا او التفريق اللوني هي طريقة لفصل وتنقية المواد الكيميائية المختلطة. تعتمد الطريقة على أن مكونات المخلوط توزع نفسها بنسب مختلفة بين مكوني نظام ثنائي أحدهما متحرك والآخر ثابت .يمكن تصنيف طرق الكروماتوغرافيا المختلفة على أساس مكونات النظام الثنائي ، فمثلا كروماتوغرافيا الصلب-سائل تستخدم مكونا صلبا كالسيليكا أو الألومينا وأوراق الترشيح ومكونا سائلا متحركا كأي مذيب كالماء أو المذيبات العضوية . وكروماتوغرافيا الصلب-غاز تستخدم سائلا مدمصا على صلب كمكون ثابت وأحد الغازات كمكون متحرك .حيث ينادي العلماء حاليا بالرجوع إلى الطبيعة بعد موجة التلوث التي اجتاحت عالمنا نتيجة لاستخدام الكيمياويات المصنعة من مبيدات حشرية ومنظفات صناعية وغيرها وقد استجاب الأطباء حاليا لهذا النداء وبدأوا في استخدام الأعشاب والمنتجات الطبيعية كبديل للأدوية . فإذا سمعنا أن عشبا معينا يفيد في علاج بعض الأمراض ، فماذا يتبع العلماء للتحقق من ذلك ؟ إنهمم يحللون هذا العشب ليفصلوا كل مكون من مكوناته بحالة نقية، ويستخلصوا المادة الفعالة كدواء . معنى ذلك أنه لتعرف مخلوط معين لا بد من تحليله إلى مكوناته الأصلية بحالة نقية . وطرق الفصل التقليدية مثل الترشيحوالتقطيروالترسيب غالبا ما نستخدم فيها التسخينوالأحماضوالقلويات، وهذه الطريقة تستغرق كثيرا من الوقت وكثيرا من الكواشف كما أن جزءا كبيرا من المادة يفقد في أثناء هذه العملية بجانب أن المركبات البيولوجية مثل بروتينات الدم مثلا . ويعد التحليل الكروماتوجرافي من أهم طرق الفصل الحديثة كطريقة سهلة وسريعة تحافظ على كيان المركبات المراد فصلها وتصلح لفصل مكونات أي مخلوط سواء كان في الحالة الصلبة أو السائلة أو الغازية وكان لهذا النوع من التحليل الفضل الأول في التقدم الملموس في كيمياءالبروتيناتوالمضادات الحيويةوالهرموناتوالفيتامينات ....الخ . وقد نشأت فكرة التحليل الكروماتوجرافي على يد العالم الروسي تسويت سنة1901 م عندما حاول فصل الصبغات النباتية الملونة ، ولهذا أعطاها اسم الكروماتوجرافي (كلمة chroma باللغة اللاتينية معناها لون) إلا أن هذه الطريقة تتبع الآن هذه الطريقة تتبع بنجاح في فصل جميع المواد غير الملونة من مخاليطها سواء الصلبة أو السائلة أو الغازية . ويمكن تقسيم الصل الكروماتوجرافي حسب نوع القوى المسؤولة عن الفصل التي تتوقف بدورها على الدعامة أو الصنف الثابت المستخدم إلى ثلاثة أنواع
Chromatography (from Greek χρώμα:chroma, colour and γραφειν:"graphein" to write) is the collective term for a family of laboratory techniques for the separation of mixtures. It involves passing a mixture dissolved in a "mobile phase" through a stationary phase, which separates the analyte to be measured from other molecules in the mixture and allows it to be isolated. Chromatography may be preparative or analytical. Preparative chromatography seeks to separate the components of a mixture for further use (and is thus a form of purification). Analytical chromatography normally operates with smaller amounts of material and seeks to measure the relative proportions of analytes in a mixture. The two are not mutually exclusive. Contents 1 Explanation 2 History 3 Chromatography terms 4 Techniques by chromatographic bed shape 4.1 Column chromatography 4.2 Planar Chromatography 4.2.1 Paper Chromatography 4.2.2 Thin layer chromatography 5 Techniques by physical state of mobile phase 5.1 Gas chromatography 5.2 Liquid chromatography 6 Affinity chromatography 6.1 Supercritical fluid chromatography 7 Techniques by separation mechanism 7.1 Ion exchange chromatography 7.2 Size exclusion chromatography 8 Special techniques 8.1 Reversed-phase chromatography 8.2 Two-dimensional chromatography 8.3 Simulated Moving-Bed Chromatography 8.4 Pyrolysis gas chromatography 8.5 Fast protein liquid chromatography 8.6 Countercurrent chromatography 8.7 Chiral chromatography 9 See also 10 References 11 External links    |
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#2
2008-04-29, 12:05 AM
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| All about Chromatography-كروماتوجرافيا Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography-2 Ed  This Second Edition incorporates the latest developments in the practical application of LC. Covers the basic of LC, the six LC methods and their applications, and various specialized areas. Provides material for in-depth comprehension of how HPLC is performed, what the necessary materials are, and possible applications. Offers thorough treatment of such areas as quantitative and qualitative analysis by HPLC, preparative scale separations, gradient elution and column-switching, sample pretreatment and reaction detectors, automated systems for high-volume testing and/or samples requiring pretreatment, troubleshooting and sample artifacts, and selection and development of LC method for a particular applications.   A Century of Separation Science  A Century of Separation Science presents an extensive overview of the critical developments in separation science since 1900, covering recent advances in chromatography, electrophoresis, field-flow fractionation, countercurrent chromatography, and supercritical fluid chromatography for high-speed and high-throughput analysis. http://rapidshare.com/files/75549112/Century_Separation_Science.zip |
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#3
2008-04-29, 12:07 AM
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| رد : All about Chromatography-كروماتوجرافيا Handbook of Process Chromatography, Second Edition: Development, Manufacturing, Validation and Economics  This book will update the original edition published in 1997. Since the publication of the first edition, the biotechnology and biologics industries have gained extensive knowledge and experience in downstream processing using chromatography and other technologies associated with recovery and purification unit operations. This book will tie that experience together for the next generation of readers. Updates include: - sources and productivity - types of products made today - experiences in clinical and licensed products - economics - current status of validation - illustrations and tables - automated column packing - automated systems New topics include: - the use of disposables - multiproduct versus dedicated production - design principles for chromatography media and filters - ultrafiltration principles and optimization - risk assessments - characterization studies - design space - platform technologies - process analytical technologies (PATs) - biogenerics - comparability assessments Key Features: - new approaches to process optimiaztion - use of patform technologies - applying risk assessment to process design http://rapidshare.com/files/74624321/Process_Chromatography_2nd_Ed.zip |
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#4
2008-04-29, 12:11 AM
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| رد : All about Chromatography-كروماتوجرافيا High-Performance Gradient Elution: The Practical Application of the Linear-Solvent-Strength Model  Gradient elution demystified of the various ways in which chromatography is applied today, few have been as misunderstood as the technique of gradient elution, which presents many challenges compared to isocratic separation. When properly explained, however, gradient elution can be less difficult to understand and much easier to use than often assumed. Written by two well-known authorities in liquid chromatography, High-Performance Gradient Elution: The Practical Application of the Linear-Solvent-Strength Model takes the mystery out of the practice of gradient elution and helps remove barriers to the practical application of this important separation technique. The book presents a systematic approach to the current understanding of gradient elution, describing theory, methodology, and applications across many of the fields that use liquid chromatography as a primary analytical tool. This up-to-date, practical, and comprehensive treatment of gradient elution: * Provides specific, step-by-step recommendations for developing a gradient separation for any sample * Describes the best approach for troubleshooting problems with gradient methods * Guides the reader on the equipment used for gradient elution * Lists which conditions should be varied first during method development, and explains how to interpret scouting gradients * Explains how to avoid problems in transferring gradient methods With a focus on the use of linear solvent strength (LSS) theory for predicting gradient LC behavior and separations by reversed-phase HPLC, High-Performance Gradient Elution gives every chromatographer access to this useful tool. Download Link: http://rapidshare.com/files/73968891/HPGradient_Elution.zip |
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#5
2008-04-29, 12:13 AM
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| رد : All about Chromatography-كروماتوجرافيا Validating Chromatographic Methods: A Practical Guide  Validating Chromatographic Methods brings order and Current Good Manufacturing Practices to the often chaotic process of chromatographic method validation. It provides readers with both the practical information and the tools necessary to successfully set up a new validation system or upgrade a current system to fully comply with government safety and quality regulations. The net results are validated and transferable analytical methods that will serve for extended periods of time with minimal or no complications. This guide focuses on high-performance liquid chromatographic methods validation; however, the concepts are generally applicable to the validation of other analytical techniques as well. Following an overview of analytical method validation and a discussion of its various components, the author dedicates a complete chapter to each step of validation:
Templates and examples for Methods Validation Standard Operating Procedures, Standard Test Methods, Methods Validation Protocols, and Methods Validation Reports are all provided. Moreover, the guide features detailed flowcharts and checklists that lead readers through every stage of method validation to ensure success. For scientists and technicians new to method validation, this guide provides all the information and tools needed to develop a top-quality system. For those experienced with method validation, the guide helps to upgrade and improve existing systems. Download Link: http://rapidshare.com/files/72583860/Validating_Chromatographic_Methods.zip |
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#6
2008-04-29, 12:14 AM
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| رد : All about Chromatography-كروماتوجرافيا Column Handbook for Size Exclusion Chromatography  Column Handbook for Size Exclusion Chromatography is the first comprehensive reference to provide everything one needs to know about commercial analytical and preparative columns for size exclusion and gel filtration chromatography (SEC and GFC). SEC is now widely used as a quality assurance method in the polymer industry (both synthetic and biopolymers) to determine molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. The Handbook contains contributions from every column manufacturer around the world and from many experienced column users. It covers the technology, characterization, application, evaluation, maintenance, and quality control of analytical and preparative columns for SEC and GFC. Also included are columns for two closely related techniques, hydrodynamic chromatography and high osmotic pressure chromatography. Key Features * Evaluate and select columns with confidence for specific applications * Optimize separations and improve the ruggedness of analytical methods * Extend the service time of a column * Establish a quality-control program to ensure consistency in column performance * Avoid the expense of column damage or purchases that do not give the expected results. Download Link: http://rapidshare.com/files/49734133/Column_Handbook_for_Size_Exclusion_Chromatography.rar |
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#7
2008-04-29, 12:16 AM
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| رد : All about Chromatography-كروماتوجرافيا Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry  This guide provides, under one cover, a wealth of practical information designed to facilitate the effectiveness of the GC/MS user. Separation conditions for numerous compound types are provided along with derivatized and underivatized compounds. A section on how to interpret mass spectral data, an extensive correlation of ion masses and neutral losses with possible structures, and examples of mass spectra are provided to further aid structure determination. Also included are basic information on instrumentation, ionization methods, quantitation, tips on the operation of mass spectrometers, the best derivatization procedures for a variety of compound types, troubleshooting techniques, and a variety of other information found to be useful to the practicing user of GC/MS instrumentation. This guide would be immediately valuable to the novice as well as the experienced GC/MS user who may not have the breadth of experience covered in this book. Key Features: * Condenses and organizes recent and essential information for new and experienced GC/MS users * Comprehensively indexed and referenced * Includes practical methods of analysis * Serves as a text reference for short practical courses on the subject Download Link: http://rapidshare.com/files/47056420/GC_MS.zip |
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#10
2008-04-29, 04:39 PM
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| رد : All about Chromatography-كروماتوجرافيا Multidimensional Chromatography (Hardcover) by Luigi Mondello (Author), Alastair C. Lewis (Author), Keith D. Bartle  Product Details Hardcover: 448 pages Publisher: Wiley (October 15, 2001) Language: English ISBN-10: 0471988693 ISBN-13: 978-0471988694 Product Dimensions: 9 x 5.8 x 1.2 inches Shipping Weight: 1.6 pounds
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مواضيع مشابهة للموضوع: مجموعة كتب عن كروماتوجرافيا | ||||
| الموضوع | الكاتب | القسم | الردود | آخر مشاركة |
| مجموعة كتب | مازن جبار | أبحاث و حلول و مناقشات | 5 | 2008-08-02 09:41 AM |
| مجموعة كتب قيمة حول Dsp | samir | الهندسة الإلكترونية والكهربائية | 3 | 2008-07-01 12:23 PM |
| مجموعة ألعاب | norton | الألعاب | 8 | 2008-02-08 11:32 PM |
| مجموعة برامج | krm | قسم البرامج | 9 | 2007-04-07 09:13 AM |
| [شرح] نقل مجموعة إلى مجموعة أخرى | mr. vb | ركـــن تطوير منتديـــــــات vb | 1 | 2005-11-09 10:07 PM |
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