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| عدد 3 من الطلاب تقدموا بالشكر لكاتب الموضوع abu-omar علي هذه المشاركة الطيبة : | ||
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#2
2008-04-01, 08:39 PM
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| A-values of cyclohexyl substituents abietic acid absolute configuration acetals acetoacetic ester alkylation acceptor reactant in the aldol reaction achirality achiral diastereomers aci-anions from nitroalkanes acid-base catalysis acid-base equilibria acidic and basic resolving agents acidity constant Ka acidity  equilibrium aciditysolvent effects on pKa scarbon acidsα hydrogensstereoelectronic factors in enolizationcarboxylic acidskinetic aciditybase catalyzed isotope exchangeof nitroalkanesstructural reorganization factorhybridization inductive effectsresonance stabilization of carboxylate anionsuper acidactivating substituents activation energy activation enthalpy and transition state acyl anion equivalent acylation reactions specialized acylation reagentsacyl carbene rearrangements acyl nitrene rearrangements acyloin condensation acyloins from thiazolium catalyzed aldehyde condensations addition reaction defined addition reactions of allenes 1,2 & 1,4-addition to dienesaddition reaction exampleaddition reactions of alkenesaddition reactions of benzeneaddition reactions of alkynesaddition to cyclopropanealcohols nomenclaturereactionsdehydrationoxidationsubstitution of hydroxyl hydrogennucleophilic substitution of OHby hypervalent phosphorous reagentsby way of sulfonate estersWilliamson ether synthesisalcoholysis aldehydes see carbonyl compounds the aldol reaction diastereoselectivitydirected aldol reactionsenantioselectivityenolborinate intermediatesenamine aldolinteracting substituent effectsMukaiyama aldolstereoselective synthesistransition statealdoses see carbohydrates aliphatic alkali metals alkaloids alkane nomenclature alkene configurational isomers alkene/alkyne nomenclature alkene reactions addition of Brønsted acidsallylic substitutionhalogen additionshydrationhydrogen additionhydroborationhypohalous acid additionsLewis acid additionsoxidative additionsoxymercurationozonolysisradical additionsradical polymerizationstereoselectivity of additionhydroboration stereoselectivityalkyl groups alkyl halide reactions reaction variablesnucleophilic substitutionalkyl group influencecation effectsmolecularitynucleophilicitySN2 mechanismSN1 mechanism solvolysissolvent effectssteric hindrance (animation)beta-eliminationanti-stereospecificitybeta-hydrogen requirementBredt's ruleE1 mechanismE2 mechanismthe Zaitsev rulesummary comparison of halide reactionsformation of organometallic compoundsalkyl lithium reagents alkylation of stabilized enolate anions alkyne reactions acidity of terminal alkynesaddition of nucleophileshydrationhydroborationhydrogen additionoxidationpreparation from dihalidesreduction by sodium in ammoniaallenes allotropes of carbon allyl group allyl radical allylic Grignard addition allylic halogenation allylic strain 1,2 & 1,3 alpha effect ambident anions amide basicity amines natural compoundsnomenclatureprimary, secondary & tertiaryamine oxidesnitroxide radicalspreparation of 1º-aminespreparation of 2º & 3º-aminespropertiesaciditybasicityboiling points & solubilityreactionsamine oxide eliminationaryl amines & nitrous acidCope eliminationthe Hinsberg testHofmann eliminationreaction with nitrous acidsubstitution at nitrogensubstitution & elimination of nitrogenstructure-formula relationshipamino acids see proteins aminolysis amphiphilic & amphipathic amphoterism amylose anandamide anchimeric assistance angle strain anion solvation anion stability order anionic rearrangements anisotropy annulenes anomers see carbohydrates anomeric effect antarafacial & suprafaciaL anthracene anti conformer anti-syn stereo nomenclature anti-syn addition antiaromaticity aromatic stabilization aromaticity aromaticity principles aromatic 5-membered heterocyclesaromatic 6-membered heterocyclesarrows, use of different kinds aryl diazonium salts substitution reactionscoupling reactionsArndt-Eistert synthesis asymmetric carbon asymmetric induction asymmetry atomic orbitals atomization energy atropine atropisomers aufbau principle axial azacations aziridine inversion  |
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#3
2008-04-01, 08:42 PM
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| Baldwin rules Barton reaction base pairing basicity, Brønsted defined basicity of amines of pyridines and related heterocyclesbasicity of amides basic reagents basicity & nucleophilicity basicity & solvent effects Baeyer-Villiger rearrangement Beckmann rearrangement Benedict's test benzene derivative nomenclature benzene molecular orbitals (animation) benzene electrophilic substitution reactionsmechanism of electrophilic substitution (animation)halogenation, nitration, sulfonation, Friedel-Craftsaddition reactionselimination reactionsnucleophilic substitution reactionsbenzene derivatives-substituent effects substitution orientationcorrelation of reactivity and orientationdisubstituted benzeneshalobenzene conversion to organometallic compoundshydrolysis of aryl sulfonic acidsmodifying substituent influenceoxidation of alkyl side-chainsBirch reductionreduction of nitro groups & aryl ketonesbenzenonium ion benzoin condensation benzyl group benzyl radical benzylic acid rearrangement benzyne beta-elimination betaine bicyclic compounds bilirubin photochemistry biosynthetic pathways biotin biphenyl stereoisomers Birch reduction boat conformer boiling point bond dipole bond dipoles and molecular dipole bond energy average bond energybond dissociation energy of C-Hbond energy and radical stabilitybond-breaking bond-making borane (diborane) Bredt's rule bridged ring compounds bromination bromonium ion intermediate Brønsted theory Brook rearrangement buckminsterfullerene Bürgi-Dunitz trajectory butane conformers |
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#4
2008-04-01, 09:52 PM
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 بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته This is another link but in PDF about this Virtual Text Book of Organic Chemistry http://www.4shared.com/file/42700045...ified=98cdd41d And also this Topic http://university.arabsbook.com/foru...read25149.html Thanks Abu-Omar |
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