كتبي : Communication System Design Using DSP Algorithms: With TMS320C6713 DSK 2008

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Communication System Design Using DSP Algorithms: With Laboratory Experiments for the TMS320C6713 DSK

Author(s): Steven A. Tretter
Publisher: Springer
Date : 2008
Pages : 348
Format : PDF
OCR : Y
Quality :
Language : English
ISBN : 0387748857

Product Description

Designed for senior electrical engineering students, this textbook explores the theoretical concepts of digital signal processing and communication systems by presenting laboratory experiments using real-time DSP hardware. Originally designed for the Texas Instruments TMS320C6701 Evaluation Module or TMS320C6711 DSK, this new edition updates the experiments based on the TMS320C6713 (but can easily be adapted to other DSP boards). Each chapter begins with a presentation of the required theory and concludes with instructions for performing experiments to implement the theory. In the process of performing the experiments, students gain experience in working with software tools and equipment commonly used in industry.

The primary focus of this book is on communication systems. Algorithms that are particularly suited to DSP implementations are presented. Chapters 1 and 2 introduce the software and hardware tools. Chapter 3 presents FIR and IIR digital filters and Chapter 4 investigates the FFT. Chapters 4 through 8 discuss modulators and demodulators for classical analog modulation methods such as amplitude modulation (AM), double-sideband suppressed-carrier amplitude modulation (DSBSC-AM), single sideband modulation (SSB), and frequency modulation (FM). Chapters 9 through 16 explore digital communication methods leading to the implementation of a complete telephone-line modem. These chapters include shift register pseudo-random binary sequence generators, the RS-232 protocol, pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) transmitters and receivers, and echo cancellation. Methods for adaptive equalization, carrier recovery, and symbol clock tracking are presented. Chapter 17 gives suggestions for additional experiments.
Product Details

* Spiral-bound: 348 pages
* Publisher: Springer; 1 edition (January 4, 200

* Language: English
* ISBN-10: 0387748857
* ISBN-13: 978-0387748856

Contents
1 Overview of the Hardware and Software Tools 1
1.1 Some DSP Chip History and Typical Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 The TMS320C6713 Floating-Point DSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2.1 The ’C6000 Central Processing Unit (CPU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2.2 Memory Organization for the TMS320C6713 DSK . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.2.3 Enhanced Direct Memory Access Controller (EDMA) . . . . . . . . . 11
1.2.4 Serial Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.2.5 Other Internal Peripherals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.2.6 Brief Description of the TMS320C6000 Instruction Set . . . . . . . . 13
1.2.7 Parallel Operations and Pipelining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.3 The TMS320C6713 DSP Starter Kit (DSK) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.3.1 The Audio Interface Onboard the TMS320C6713 DSK . . . . . . . . 20
1.4 Software Support for the DSK Board and ’C6x DSP’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.4.1 The Board Support Library (BSL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.4.2 The Chip Support Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.5 Code Composer Studio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.5.1 Project Files and Building Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.5.2 The Optimizing Compiler and Assembler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.5.3 The Linker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.5.4 Building Programs from Command Line Prompts . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.5.5 The Archiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1.5.6 Additional Code Composer Studio Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1.6 Other Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.6.1 Digital Filter Design Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.6.2 Commercial Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.7 Introductory Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2 Learning to Use the Hardware and Software Tools 29
2.1 Getting Started with a Simple Audio Loop Through Program . . . . . . . . 29
2.1.1 A Linker Command File and Beginning C Program . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.1.2 Properties of the AIC23 Codec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.1.3 Creating a CCS Project for dskstart32.c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.1.4 Experiment 2.1: Building and Testing dskstart32.c . . . . . . . . . 37
2.2 More Details on the McBSP Serial Ports and Codecs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
xiii
xiv Contents
2.2.1 Basic McBSP Transmitter and Receiver Operation . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.2.2 Example C Code for Reading from and Writing to the Codec . . . . . 41
2.3 The ’C6000 Timers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2.4 Generating a Sine Wave by Polling XRDY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.4.1 Experiment 2.2: Instructions for the Polling Experiment . . . . . . . 45
2.5 Generating a Sine Wave Using Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.5.1 The CPU Interrupt Priorities and Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.5.2 Interrupt Control Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.5.3 What Happens When an Interrupt Occurs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
2.5.4 TI Extensions to Standard C Interrupt Service Routines . . . . . . . 51
2.5.5 Using the dsk6713bsl32 Library for Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
2.5.6 Experiment 2.3: Generating Sine Waves by Using Interrupts . . . . . 53
2.6 Generating a Sine Wave with the EDMA and a Table . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
2.6.1 EDMA Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
2.6.2 EDMA Event Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
2.6.3 Registers for Event Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
2.6.4 The Parameter RAM (PaRAM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
2.6.5 Synchronization of EDMA Transfers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
2.6.6 Linking and Chaining EDMA Transfers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
2.6.7 EDMA Interrupts to the CPU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
2.6.8 Experiment 2.4: Generating a Sine Wave Using the EDMA Controller 62
3 Digital Filters 67
3.1 Discrete-Time Convolution and Frequency Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
3.2 Finite Duration Impulse Response (FIR) Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
3.2.1 Block Diagram for Most Common Realization . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
3.2.2 Two Methods for Finding the Filter Coefficients to Achieve a Desired
Frequency Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
3.3 Using Circular Buffers to Implement FIR Filters in C . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
3.4 Circular Buffers Using the ’C6000 Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
3.4.1 How the Circular Buffer is Implemented . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
3.4.2 Indirect Addressing Through Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
3.5 Interfacing C and Assembly Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
3.5.1 Responsibilities of the Calling and Called Function . . . . . . . . . . 76
3.5.2 Using Assembly Functions with C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
3.6 Linear Assembly Code and the Assembly Optimizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
3.6.1 A Linear Assembly Convolution Function that Uses a Circular Buffer
and Can be Called from C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
3.7 Infinite Duration Impulse Response (IIR) Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
3.7.1 Realizations for IIR Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
3.7.2 A Program for Designing IIR Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
3.7.3 TwoMethods forMeasuring a Phase Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
3.8 Laboratory Experiments for Digital Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
3.8.1 Experiment 3.1: FIR Filters Entirely in C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Contents xv
3.8.2 Experiment 3.2: FIR Filters Using C and Assembly . . . . . . . . . . 97
3.8.3 Experiment 3.3: Implementing an IIR Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
3.9 Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
4 The FFT and Power Spectrum Estimation 101
4.1 The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
4.2 Data Window Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
4.3 The Discrete Fourier Transformand its Inverse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
4.4 The Fast Fourier Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
4.5 Using the FFT to Estimate a Power Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
4.6 Laboratory Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
4.6.1 Experiment 4.1: FFT Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
4.6.2 Experiment 4.2: Making a Spectrum Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
4.7 Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
5 Amplitude Modulation 121
5.1 Theoretical Description of Amplitude Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
5.1.1 Mathematical Formula for an AM Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
5.1.2 Example for Single Tone Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
5.1.3 The Spectrumof an AMSignal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
5.2 Demodulating an AM Signal by Envelope Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
5.2.1 Square-Law Demodulation of AM Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
5.2.2 Hilbert Transforms and the Complex Envelope . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
5.3 Laboratory Experiments for AM Modulation and Demodulation . . . . . . . 127
5.3.1 Experiment 5.1: Making an AM Modulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
5.3.2 How to Capture DSK Output Samples with CCS for Plotting . . . . 129
5.3.3 Experiment 5.2: Making a Square-Law Envelope Detector . . . . . . 130
5.3.4 Experiment 5.3: Making an Envelope Detector Using the Hilbert Transform
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
5.4 Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
6 DSBSC Amplitude Modulation and Coherent Detection 133
6.1 Mathematical Form for a DSBSC-AM Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
6.2 The Ideal Coherent Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
6.3 The Costas Loop as a Practical Approach to Coherent Demodulation . . . . 136
6.4 Exercises and Experiments for the Costas Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
6.4.1 Theoretical Design Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
6.4.2 Hardware Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
6.5 Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
7 Single-Sideband Modulation and Frequency Translation 143
7.1 Single-Sideband Modulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
7.2 Coherent Demodulation of SSB Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
7.3 Frequency Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
7.4 Laboratory Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
xvi Contents
7.4.1 Experiment 7.1: Making an SSB Modulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
7.4.2 Experiment 7.2: Coherent Demodulation of an SSB Signal . . . . . . 148
7.5 Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
8 Frequency Modulation 151
8.1 The FMSignal and Some of its Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
8.1.1 Definition of Instantaneous Frequency and the FM Signal . . . . . . . 151
8.1.2 Single Tone FM Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
8.1.3 Narrow Band FM Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
8.1.4 The Bandwidth of an FM Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
8.2 FM Demodulation by a Frequency Discriminator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
8.2.1 An FM Discriminator Using the Pre-Envelope . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
8.2.2 A Discriminator Using the Complex Envelope . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
8.3 Using a Phase-Locked Loop for FM Demodulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
8.4 Laboratory Experiments for Frequency Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
8.4.1 Experiment 8.1: Measuring the Spectrum of an FM Signal . . . . . . 160
8.4.2 Experiment 8.2: FM Demodulation Using a Frequency Discriminator 161
8.4.3 Experiment 8.3: Using a Phase-Locked Loop for FM Demodulation . 161
8.5 Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
9 Pseudo-Random Binary Sequences and Data Scramblers 163
9.1 Using Shift Registers to Generate Pseudo-Random Binary Sequences . . . . 164
9.1.1 The Linear Feedback Shift Register Sequence Generator . . . . . . . 164
9.1.2 The Connection Polynomial and Sequence Period . . . . . . . . . . . 165
9.1.3 Properties of Maximal Length Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
9.2 Self Synchronizing Data Scramblers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
9.2.1 The Scrambler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
9.2.2 The Descrambler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
9.3 Theoretical and Simulation Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
9.3.1 Exercises for a Shift Register Sequence Generator with a Primitive
Connection Polynomial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
9.3.2 Exercises for a Shift Register Sequence Generator with an Irreducible
but not Primitive Connection Polynomial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
9.3.3 Exercises for a Shift Register Sequence Generator with a Reducible
Connection Polynomial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
9.4 Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
10 The RS-232C Protocol and a Bit-Error Rate Tester 173
10.1 The EIA RS-232C Serial Interface Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
10.2 Error Rate for Binary Signaling on the Gaussian Noise Channel . . . . . . . 176
10.3 The Navtel Datatest 3 Bit Error Rate Tester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
10.4 Bit-Error Rate Test Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
10.5 Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Contents xvii
11 Digital Data Transmission by Pulse Amplitude Modulation 187
11.1 Description of a Baseband Pulse Amplitude Modulation System . . . . . . . 187
11.2 Baseband Shaping and Intersymbol Interference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
11.2.1 The Nyquist Criterion for No ISI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
11.2.2 Raised Cosine Baseband Shaping Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
11.2.3 Splitting the Shaping Between the Transmit and Receive Filters . . . 192
11.2.4 Eye Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
11.3 Implementing the Transmit Filter by an Interpolation Filter Bank . . . . . . 194
11.4 Symbol Error Probability with Additive Gaussian Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
11.5 Symbol Clock Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
11.6 Simulation and Theoretical Exercises for PAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
11.6.1 Generating Four-Level Pseudo-Random PAM Symbols . . . . . . . . 198
11.6.2 Eye Diagram for a PAM Signal Using a Raised Cosine Shaping Filter 199
11.6.3 Eye Diagram for a PAM Signal Using a Square-Root of Raised Cosine
Shaping Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
11.6.4 Theoretical Error Probability for a PAM System . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
11.7 Hardware Exercises for PAM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
11.7.1 Generating a PAM Signal and Eye Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
11.7.2 Testing the Square-Law Symbol Clock Frequency Generator . . . . . 201
11.7.3 Optional TeamExercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
11.8 Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
12 Variable Phase Interpolation 205
12.1 Continuously Variable Phase Interpolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
12.1.1 Computing the Least-Squares Fits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
12.2 Quantized Variable Phase Interpolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
12.3 Closing the Tracking Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
12.4 Changing the Sampling Rate by a Rational Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
12.5 Experiments for Variable Phase Interpolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
12.5.1 Experiment 12.1: Open Loop Phase Shifting Experiments . . . . . . . 213
12.5.2 Experiment 12.2: Making a Symbol Clock Tracking Loop . . . . . . . 213
12.6 Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
13 Fundamentals of Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 215
13.1 A Basic QAMTransmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
13.2 Two Constellation Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
13.2.1 The 4×4 16-Point Constellation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
13.2.2 A 4-Point Four Phase Constellation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
13.3 A Modulator Structure Using Passband Shaping Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
13.4 Ideal QAM Demodulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
13.5 QAM Modulator Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
13.5.1 Steps to Follow inMaking a Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
13.5.2 Testing Your Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
13.5.3 Generating a Startup Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
xviii Contents
13.6 Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
14 QAM Receiver I – Clock Recovery and Other Front-End Subsystems 229
14.1 Overview of a QAM Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
14.2 Details About the Receiver Front-End Subsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
14.2.1 Automatic Gain Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
14.2.2 The Carrier Detect Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
14.2.3 Symbol Clock Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
14.3 Experiments for the QAM Receiver Front-End . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
14.4 Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
15 QAM Receiver II – Equalizer and Carrier Recovery System 241
15.1 The Complex Cross-Coupled Passband Adaptive Equalizer . . . . . . . . . . 241
15.1.1 The LMS Method for Adjusting the Equalizer Tap Values . . . . . . 242
15.1.2 Theoretical Behavior of the LMS Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
15.1.3 Adding Tap Leakage to the LMS Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
15.2 The Phase-Splitting Fractionally Spaced Equalizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
15.3 Decision Directed Carrier Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
15.4 Blind Equalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
15.4.1 Blind Equalization with the Complex Cross-Coupled Equalizer . . . . 254
15.4.2 Blind Equalization with the Phase-Splitting Equalizer . . . . . . . . . 255
15.5 Complex Cross-Coupled Equalizer and Carrier Tracking Experiments . . . . 256
15.5.1 Implementing the Slicer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
15.5.2 Making a Demodulator and Carrier Tracking Loop . . . . . . . . . . 258
15.5.3 Making a Complex Cross-Coupled Adaptive Equalizer . . . . . . . . . 259
15.5.4 Bit-Error Rate Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
15.5.5 Optional Experiment – Receiving the 16-Point V.22bis Constellation 259
15.5.6 Optional Experiment – Ideal Reference Training . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
15.6 Optional Phase-Splitting Fractionally Spaced Equalizer Experiment . . . . . 260
15.7 Optional Blind Equalization Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
15.8 Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
16 Echo Cancellation for Full-Duplex Modems 263
16.1 The Echo Sources in a Dialed Telephone Line Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
16.2 The Data-Driven, Nyquist, In-Band Echo Canceler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
16.2.1 General Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
16.2.2 The Near-End Echo Canceler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
16.2.3 The Far-End Echo Canceler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
16.2.4 Far-End Frequency Offset Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
16.3 Echo Canceler Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
16.3.1 Making a Near-End Echo Canceler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
16.3.2 Making a Far-End Echo Canceler with Frequency Offset Correction . 271
16.4 Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Contents xix
17 Multi-Carrier Modulation 273
17.1 History and Implementation of Multi-Carrier Modulation . . . . . . . . . . 273
17.2 Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) System Architecture . . . . . . 277
17.3 Components of a Simplified ADSL Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
17.3.1 The Cyclic Redundancy Check Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
17.3.2 The Scrambler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
17.3.3 The Reed-Solomon Encoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
17.3.4 The Convolutional Interleaver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
17.3.5 The Map and IFFT Modulator Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
17.3.6 Some Signals Used for Initialization and Synchronization . . . . . . . 288
17.4 A Simplified ADSL Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
17.4.1 Demodulation and Frequency Domain Equalization . . . . . . . . . . 291
17.4.2 Sample Clock Acquisition and Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
17.4.3 Symbol Alignment Acquisition and Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
17.4.4 Remaining Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
17.5 Making a Simplified ADSL Transmitter and Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
17.5.1 Making a 64-Point IFFT and a 64-Point FFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
17.5.2 Making a Scrambler, Constellation Point Mapper, and Their Inverses 299
17.5.3 Measuring the Channel Impulse Response Duration . . . . . . . . . . 299
17.5.4 Completing the Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
17.5.5 Making the Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
17.6 Additional References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
18 Suggestions for Additional Experiments 307
18.1 Elementary Modem Handshake Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
18.2 Make an ITU-T V.21 Frequency Shift Keyed (FSK) Modem . . . . . . . . . 307
18.3 Fast Equalizer Training Using Periodic Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
18.4 Trellis Coded Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
18.5 Reed-Solomon Encoder and Decoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
18.6 Turbo Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
18.7 Low Density Parity Check Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
18.8 V.34 Constellation Shaping by Shell Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
18.9 Nonlinear Precoding for V.34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
18.10 Speech Codecs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
A Generating Gaussian Random Numbers 313
A.1 The ’C6713 C Compiler Pseudo Random Number Generator . . . . . . . . . 313
A.2 A Better Uniform Random Number Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
A.3 Turning Uniformly Distributed Random Variables into a Pair of Gaussian
Random Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
A.4 Limit on the Peak of the Simulated Gaussian Random Variables . . . . . . . 317
B A TTL/RS-232C Interface for McBSP0 319
C Equipment List for Each Station 323
xx Contents
References 325
I. List ofManuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
II. Selected Reference Books and Papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
A. DSP Laboratory Books Using DSP Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
B. DSP Laboratory Books Using Software Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
C. Books and Papers on Digital Signal Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
D. Books and Papers on Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
E. References for Wireline and Wireless Multi-Carrier Modulation . . . . . . 331
F. Books and Papers on Error Correcting Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
III. InterestingWeb Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Index 335

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مواضيع مشابهة للموضوع: كتبي : Communication System Design Using DSP Algorithms: With TMS320C6713 DSK 2008
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كتاب الاتصالات Principles Digital Communication System & Computer Networks	jam1966	الهندسة الإلكترونية والكهربائية	85	2008-03-04 03:22 PM
إذا سمحتم كتاب .. :: Digital Control System Analysis and Design , by Nagle & Phillips	محمد2187	هندسة الميكاترونكس	0	2007-08-29 08:08 PM
كتاب هندسي جديد: Digital Signal Processing System Level Design Usin	ابو خطاب	مكتبة الكتب الهندسية	0	2007-03-05 02:51 AM
كتاب هندسي جديد: Principles of Spread Spectrum Communication System	ابو خطاب	مكتبة الكتب الهندسية	0	2007-03-05 02:50 AM

عدد 2 من الطلاب تقدموا بالشكر لكاتب الموضوع abdoud علي هذه المشاركة الطيبة :
ricocir (2008-07-26), Samo (2008-07-01)

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